How can we inspire young people to use technology for promoting transparency and accountability in West Africa
Contributed by Sedrick N’Gotta, 2016 Mandela Washington Fellow, Côte d’Ivoire
After over five years’ experience working in democracy and governance fields, particularly in citizen participation, election monitoring, and advocacy work around transparency and anti-corruption, I realized that one of the serious pitfalls regarding technology and social media was how many young people generically characterized technology as “entertainment.” They might not know that they can do enough to entertain themselves every day through other means, and reserve more technology for other purposes that can improve their lives and their community.
Two points stood out to me as I reflected on this. If we are to attract youth and motivate them to use technology to improve transparency and accountability in the public sector, then:
- Technology has to be seen as more than entertainment.
- The time horizon has to be long term rather than immediate.
Having the citizens following the government is hard work. But technology is making things easier. It offers the possibility to have the government and its institutions respond to the needs of the population.
Using technology to push transparency and accountability is exciting, but it is a long-term pursuit. Technology has an important role to play in effectively influencing governmental actions and in making citizen engagement in governmental affairs interesting and sustainable. Tech can empower average citizens.
Transparency and accountability engagement options in Côte d’Ivoire
Tech is helping to reshape the notion of civic engagement from a solitary fight to a mutual or community work to reach a shared goal. Here are some success stories that I participated in to use technology in civic engagement:
1. Using social media to encourage citizen participation in elections
“La Brigade numérique pour les élections apaisées” (“Digital Brigade for Peaceful Elections”) was a unique contribution to the electoral process made by young Ivorians in the presidential elections of 2015.
The Brigade mobilized 50 young Ivorians (25 women and 25 men) to spread peace messages, encourage electoral participation, and educate the public on voter registration and electoral processes through social media. Graphics and other visual aids were developed and distributed with the Brigade’s messages in order to boost online reach.
The active role members of the Brigade have taken attests to the positive role Ivorian youth are playing in support of a more peaceful and democratic election in their country. (Click here to watch le Grand Format’s television coverage of the Brigade.)
2. Increasing transparency and integrity in elections through observation of voting stations and a data collection center
To increase citizen confidence in Côte d’Ivoire’s historic presidential elections in 2015 after years of civil conflict, the Civil Society Organizations Platform for Elections Observations (POECI) conducted advanced statistically based observations of the election process during the two years preceding and on Election Day. Observing Election Day in a sampled polling station from the start to the end allowed the civil society coalition to collect reliable data on the process in real time. Observers, 50 percent of whom were women, transmitted their observations on the opening of the polling station, the turnout rate, the violence or peacefulness of the day, the reliability of the electoral officials and equipment, and finally on the results for the presidential candidates in each specific polling station. All these observations were transformed in coded data sent by SMS.
Ultimately, POECI’s findings confirmed the official results, and thereby bolstered the credibility of the electoral process. POECI’s data collection center, which gathered and processed SMS in real time reports from observers deployed throughout the country, was composed of 28 data clerks, managed by one tech expert, all of them youth. Their effective work during Election Day enabled POECI to gather 100 percent of the data, a first in a sub-Saharan country using the parallel vote tabulation methodology sponsored by the National Democratic Institute (NDI) through USAID funds.
3. Awareness raising and influencing policy-making decisions via online surveys and social media
One other innovation involving technology for good governance was crowdsourcing in the policy-making process. It was a perfect example of how citizens can engage with governments using technology, and how this engagement can shape the functioning of governments and transparency.
In December 2016, the government didn’t release the draft of the new constitution to the citizens but tabled it to t
he parliament. They gave the draft directly to the parliament and asked for a vote after less than a week of examination. But an anonymous group of digital activists found the text, and released it through a web application called #CivConstitution and enabled the citizens to have access to the draft to read the constitution article by article.
The web application also provided the opportunity to express views by denouncing an article, making a modification proposal, or approving it. #Civconstituion became a trending topic worldwide because of the noise generated by average citizens.
ven though citizens’ opinions were not taken into account during this constitutional reform, the action of these digital activists was noticed by the government and reinforced public pressure to be accountable to their constituents. They understood the necessity of organizing consultations and dialogue in case of a new constitutional reform or another fundamental text revision.
4. Increasing public service delivery through crowdsourcing and mapping
Effective public service delivery depends on allocating resources to the most critical needs of a community and then deploying them as promised. For many governments, however, there is limited transparency and accountability around service provision. Lacking information on citizens’ needs, administrators often have no easy way to determine what public policies and budget to provide for these demands. Without outside pressure from citizen input, government employees in charge of service delivery lack the incentives for sorely needed actions.
Currently, Côte d’Ivoire is facing floods created by the mid-year rainy season. #CivInondation is based on the popular crowdsourcing tool Open Street Map. It’s a website that allows people to report local issues from a computer or smartphone. Along with geolocation, a report can be developed on categorical features, such as destruction of roads, houses and material damages, or people in danger. Pictures and videos can be easily taken and uploaded as complementary or detailed information.
Open Street Map Côte d’Ivoire, the organization behind this initiative, sends a daily report to the department or body responsible for fixing it. The tool doesn’t just send problem reports to government offices — #Civinondation also makes the reports available to the public.
Conclusion: We cannot delay!
With the average age of citizens in sub-Saharan Africa around 20, something needs to be accomplished to rebrand the use of technology. Technology should not be seen as a tool for entertainment but as a credible tool that can empower a community and people to demand transparency and accountability from the government and to take a participative stand in this process. To attract young men and young women, tech for accountability and transparency has to be seen as something that can really influence change in governmental actions and in their lives. Those actions must affect individual lives, but also give a sense of participating in building a better society.
The use of tech by youth can change. The image of citizen activism, such as demanding more from government, can be exciting and inciting if we focus on spreading the message that it’s possible to use technology to engage citizens on a large scale, and they don’t need to be experts to use technology for useful purposes.
Developers and civil society activists can look at tech for accountability and transparency as a vocation, if we provide more platforms to explain what can be done and share experiences. In August, Open Africa Initiative will organize a national tech camp preceded by a hackathon focusing on good governance and anti corruption questions. You can follow us via twitter at @OpenAfricaINI and share your experience to help us.
The views and opinions expressed here belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the YALI Network or the U.S. government. YALI Voices is a series of podcasts, videos and blogs contributed by members of the YALI Network.